MY DEAR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS - THIS BLOG IS A DIGITAL GIFT TO YOU ALL -SO LEARN LIFE SKILLS. IMPROVE READING, WRITING, LISTENING & SPEAKING SKILLS, WORK ON SCIENCE OR/AND SOCIAL SCIENCE PROJECTS. GIVE COMMENTS BY CLICKING - NO COMMENTS- BUTTON. USE SEARCH WINDOW FOR FASTER RESULTS. TALK TO YOUR LIBRARIAN ON ANY TOPIC, ANY TIME ANYWHERE: Mob: 8901549120."If you can't go out, go within." "Work on your intrapersonal communication to master your interpersonal communication" Gratitude and blessings are key to success of hard work

Friday, 28 November 2025

TARGETS : HOW TO : FOR STUDENTS


MAGIC OF THINKING POSITIVELY

MAGIC OF THINKING RICH 

HAVE 

FAITH IN ALMIGHTY

 & 

YOURSELF 

&

HOPE ...

DON'T LOSE HOPE ...

UNTIL LAST 

KEEP YOUR AFFERMATIONS ALIVE ...

...................

 DESIRE V/S BURNING DESIRE 

CLARITY OF TARGET 

COZ..

CLARITY IS POWER 

 TOOK RISK

OUT OF THE WAY 

WHY YOU SHOULD GET IT 

WHY YOU DESERVE IT 

WATER MENIFESTATION 

I AM MONEY MAGNET 

WHOLE UNIVERSE SUPPORTS ME 

I HAVE INSPIRED 4 LACS PEOPLE 

  DO A FOCUSED CONVERSATION 

Thursday, 27 November 2025

TOP 4 SCHOOL BOARDS COMPARED

 



SOURCE: INTERNET/ WATSAPP

YUVA AI for ALL Course from IndiaAI


Under the IndiaAI Mission, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has introduced a short, simple and practical 4.5-hour self-paced course designed for students, professionals, educators, and curious learners.

✨ What makes it unique?

✔ Free for everyone

✔ Learn anytime, anywhere

✔ Beginner-friendly modules

✔ Real Indian examples & case studies

✔ Focus on ethical, safe & responsible AI

✔ Government of India certificate for all learners

“The initiative aims to empower millions of Indians with foundational AI skills” 

ЁЯУЪ Start learning now:

 blob:https://web.whatsapp.com/b50d5eba-3d93-40aa-88e5-9f34dab77bb0

Course Highlights


  • IndiaAI Mission, implemented by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), aims to strengthen India’s global leadership in AI, foster technological self-reliance, and ensure ethical, responsible, and inclusive AI adoption.
  • YUVA AI for ALL Course from IndiaAI is a key step in that journey — designed to make AI literacy accessible to everyone, regardless of background or experience. Human Capital which touches upon aspects of advancing equitable skilling and inclusive workforce transitions is one of the key thematics for the India - AI Impact Summit in Feb 2026.
  • The YUVA AI for ALL course comprises of six modules covering the foundations, applications, ethics, and future of Artificial Intelligence. Learners explore how AI can be used to learn, create, think, and plan responsibly, preparing them to engage confidently with AI in everyday life.
  • Through real-world Indian examples, you’ll learn the art of effective prompting and gain the confidence to apply AI. Discover how AI can help you write smarter, learn faster, and work better, using the same Generative AI tools shaping industries and innovation worldwide.
  • Skill Type

    Emerging Technology
  • Course Duration

    4 hours 30 minutes
  • Domain

    Artificial Intelligence
  • GOI Incentive applicable

    No
  • Course Category

    Popular Tech Topics
  • Nasscom Assessment

    No
  • Placement Assistance

    No
  • Certificate Earned

    No
  • Content Alignment Type

    Non-Aligned
  • Mode of Delivery

    Self-Paced

рд╕ाрдЗрдмрд░ рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖ा рдоें рдЕрдкрдиा рдХрд░िрдпрд░ рдмрдиाрдПं

 


рд╕ाрдЗрдмрд░ рд╕ुрд░рдХ्рд╖ा рдоें рдЕрдкрдиा рдХрд░िрдпрд░ рдмрдиाрдПं рднाрд░рдд рдХी рд╢ीрд░्рд╖ рдСрдирд▓ाрдЗрди рддрдХрдиीрдХी рд╕ंрд╕्рдеाрди – рдЖрдИрд╕ीрдЯीрдЖрд░рдбी рдХे рд╕ाрде।
рд╡ैрд╢्рд╡िрдХ рд╕्рддрд░ рдкрд░ рдоाрди्рдпрддा рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдк्рд░рдоाрдгीрдХрд░рдг, рд╡ीрдбिрдпो рдЯ्рдпूрдЯोрд░िрдпрд▓ рдХी рдЖрдЬीрд╡рди рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ, рдФрд░ рдЖрдкрдХे рджрд░рд╡ाрдЬे рдкрд░ рд╣ाрд░्рдб рдХॉрдкी рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХрд░ें।
рдСрдлрд░ рдоूрд▓्рдп: ₹1700 рдоाрдд्рд░!
рднाрд░рдд рдХी рд╢ीрд░्рд╖ рдСрдирд▓ाрдЗрди рддрдХрдиीрдХी рд╕ंрд╕्рдеाрди
– рдЖрдИрд╕ीрдЯीрдЖрд░рдбी рдХे рд╕ाрде।
рд╡ैрд╢्рд╡िрдХ рд╕्рддрд░ рдкрд░ рдоाрди्рдпрддा рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдк्рд░рдоाрдгीрдХрд░рдг, рд╡ीрдбिрдпो рдЯ्рдпूрдЯोрд░िрдпрд▓ рдХी рдЖрдЬीрд╡рди рдкрд╣ुंрдЪ,
рдФрд░ рдЖрдкрдХे рджрд░рд╡ाрдЬे рдкрд░ рд╣ाрд░्рдб рдХॉрдкी рдк्рд░ाрдк्рдд рдХрд░ें।
рдСрдлрд░ рдоूрд▓्рдп: ₹1700 рдоाрдд्рд░!

ICTRD-Kaushalpith Portal

The next decade belongs to Creative Thinkers : Mohit Mangal

The next decade belongs to Creative Thinkers — not rule followers.

Design & Fine Arts isn’t just a course… it’s a mindset.
✨
Whether you’re from Science, Commerce or Arts, the world of Design welcomes ANYONE who can
imagine, innovate and create.
From B.Des, BFA, BVA, Applied Arts, Interior Design, Creative Arts
to 60+ specialisations — UX, Animation, Product Design, Fashion, Gaming, Film, Graphic Design,
Space Design, Communication Design…
creativity has no limits.

I’ve compiled a list of 37 Entrance Exams that can open the doors to India’s top design schools.

SHABASH TILLI- BAL BHARTI -DEC 2025

 IT WILL BE OUR GREAT PLEASURE TO

 INVITE SHRI DARSHAN SINGH ASHT AUTHOR 

OF THIS STORY, 

IN OUR LIBRARY TO INTEREACT WITH STUDENTS 





Monday, 24 November 2025

‘Far bigger crisis’-Anand Mahindra warns


  • Amid fears of AI-induced job losses, Anand Mahindra warns about a ‘far bigger crisis’ hitting the world: Amid fears about Artificial Intelligence (AI) stealing jobs, 
  • Mahindra Group Chairman Anand Mahindra has sounded a warning of a bigger crisis that is coming our way.
  • In a post on X, Anand Mahindra said that while people are busy worrying about AI wiping out white-collar jobs, we are missing a far bigger crisis — the lack of skilled trades. 
  • He cited a podcast by Ford CEO Jim Farley, who said that mechanic jobs at the company paying $120,000 a year have no takers.
  • “Ford CEO Jim Farley made a startling revelation in a recent podcast: Ford has 5,000 mechanic jobs unfilled, many paying $120,000 a year, and still no takers. 
  • Across the US, over a million essential roles in plumbing, electrical work, trucking and factory operations lie vacant,” he said.
  • Anand Mahindra warned that this isn’t the future. “It’s happening now.”Mahindra asked: 
  • “So the real question is: Are we about to witness a reset in what society considers a dream career?”
  • If this trend continues, he said, people who can actually build, fix, and keep the world running will be the biggest winners of the AI era.
  • “Marx imagined workers rising through struggle. He never imagined they’d rise because they became too skilled, too scarce, and too essential to replace. 
  • A revolution not through violence… but through value-discovery,” he said. What did netizens say? Anand Mahindra's take sparked an intense discussion on X, with netizens agreeing with the industrialist and highlighted how important skilled trade is.
  • “Spot on! We've been so dazzled by AI's glow that we've dimmed the light on the trades that keep our world spinning. Imagine: robots coding code, but humans still needed to wire the servers. 
  • The real revolution? Elevating apprenticeships to PhD status. Who's ready to trade the cubicle for the toolbox,” a person said. Another person said that essential work is the new aspiration amid an oversupply of workers with just degrees.
  • “It is wild how a culture obsessed with degrees forgot the people who actually make society function. Mechanics. Electricians. Plumbers. Truckers. Skilled workers who built the world while the world chased titles. And now the demand has flipped. High pay. Zero supply. AI looming over corporate desks while human hands become priceless. 
  • The cinematic switch hits when you imagine a generation discovering that essential work is the new aspiration. A reset not driven by fear but by value. 
  • The kind of value we ignored for too long. This moment feels important. Hold it.”
  • “Funny how we made everyone feel bad about working with their hands, and now those same people are impossible to replace and getting paid like doctors. 
  • The economy just told us what real scarcity looks like, and we were not even listening,” a third user added. 
  • Story by Swastika Das Sharma

Sunday, 23 November 2025

NCC DAY -November 23rd

NCC Day, or National Cadet Corps Day, is celebrated annually in India to honor the spirit of patriotism, discipline, and service among youth. 

In 2025, the 77th NCC Day will be observed on November 23rd. 

This day marks the establishment of the NCC in 1948, which aims to develop leadership, discipline, and patriotism among young people. 

The day is dedicated to appreciating the selfless service and leadership qualities instilled in the youth of India.



National Cadet Corps is a Tri-Services Organisation comprising the Army, Navy and Air Force, engaged in grooming the youth – 'The Leaders of Tomorrow' – into disciplined and patriotic citizens. 

The genesis of the NCC can be traced back to the First World War, when the British created the University Corps as the second line of defense and to have a large pool of trained youth available for employment into the Armed Forces. 

After independence, the present-day NCC under the Ministry of Defence came into existence on 16 Apr 1948 through NCC Act XXXI, 1948. 

NCC was formally inaugurated on 15 Jul 1948 as soon as the schools and colleges reopened after summer vacation. 

The Girls Division of the NCC was started in Jul 1949. In 1950, Air Wing was added on 01 Apr with one Air squadron each at Bombay and Kolkata. 

The Naval Wing of the NCC was raised in Jul 1952, thus completing the true representation of all services in the Corps. Presently, NCC has approximately 13 Lakhs Cadets under its fold.







Today, it carries the imprint of his indomitable spirit. 
This unforgettable moment of Wg Cdr Namansh Syal, 
captured during his Tejas sortie in Guwahati, 
will forever remind the nation of a hero whose duty knew no bounds.



Saturday, 22 November 2025

SUNO KAHANI - BUNO KAHANI

FOR FULL DETAILS CLICK BELOW 

 BLOG FOR KVS SCHOOL STUDENTS: 

OR 

LISTEN TO ANOTHER STORY  

CHINMAY AND HIS GRANDMOTHER 

ON LINK BELOW 

(15) 7 May 2025 - YouTube

COMPLETE THIS STORY IF YOU ARE CHINMAY 

READ MORE MORAL STORY 

READ AND LISTEN TO STORIES BY KVS STUDENTS HERE 

&

CREATE YOUR OWN STORY NOW 

International Free Score Olympiad Test ЁЯМЯ

Dear Students of Kendriya Vidyalaya CHANDIGARH  ЁЯОУ

Get ready to showcase your skills in the SCORE GENIUS Olympiad Exam! ЁЯдФ

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Students Explore Technical Trades at GOVT. MODEL ITI CHANDIGARH

 Experiential Learning: 

All Students of Class VIII A & C 

 will submit a writeup in their Library Logbook 

about their own individual Experiential Learning

 during and after this visit.

(15) VICKAS - YouTube


  1. CHANDIGARH, NOV. 21, 2025 – Seventy-seven Class 8 students from PM SHRI Kendriya Vidyalaya, OCF Sector 29, gained first-hand exposure to the world of technical education today during a comprehensive visit to the Government Model Industrial Training Institute (ITI) in Sector 28. 
  2. The initiative was part of the central government's innovative "10 Bagless Days Programme," which aims to integrate vocational experiences into mainstream schooling as envisioned by the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
  3. The day-long visit was designed to bridge the gap between theoretical classroom learning and practical industry requirements, offering students valuable insights into potential skill development and career pathways.
  4. Upon arrival at the Model ITI, known for its state-of-the-art facilities and commitment to skill development, the students were welcomed by the institute's principal and faculty. 
  5. They were guided through various departments, where they witnessed live demonstrations of core trades, including electrical, mechanical, and information technology. 
  6. Students observed complex machinery, innovative projects (such as those using recycled materials), and the day-to-day operations of the training facility.
  7. A key highlight of the visit was an interactive session where students engaged directly with industry experts and ITI trainees. 
  8. This provided them an opportunity to ask questions, understand the practical application of the skills being taught, and learn about the diverse career prospects available in these fields.
  9. "The purpose of this programme is to provide life experiences through various activities like carpentry, plumbing, etc., and exposure to art and crafts," said a school official, emphasizing the programme's alignment with NEP 2020 objectives. Such visits play a crucial role in encouraging experiential learning and help students make informed choices about their future careers
  10. The students expressed great enthusiasm for the programme, noting that the hands-on experience broadened their understanding of vocational education. 
  11. Both the participating students and accompanying teachers lauded the initiative as a "resounding success," underscoring the importance of such practical exposure in nurturing interest in skill-based professions.
  12. Officials from both institutions hoped the visit would inspire more students to consider vocational training as a viable and rewarding educational path, addressing the existing skill gap in various industries. 
  13. The successful collaboration highlights effective resource sharing between educational institutions in Chandigarh.

Wednesday, 19 November 2025

MILITARY AND POLICE RANKS IN INDIA

 










Monday, 17 November 2025

SUNO KAVITA -BUNO KAVITA! : "рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै”

 рд╕ुрдиो рдХрд╡िрддा - рдмुрдиो рдХрд╡िрддा ! : "рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै”

рдкрдарди рдк्рд░ोрд╣рдд्рд╕ाрд╣рди -реирежреирел


рдХрдХ्рд╖ा - vi рд╕े viii рдХे рд╕рднी рд╡िрдз्рдпाрд░्рдеी рдЗрд╕ рдХрд╡िрддा рдХो рдкूрд░्рдг рдХрд░ें 

рдФрд░ -рек рд╕ाрдЗреЫ рд╢ीрдЯ рдкрд░ 15 рджिрдиों рдоें рдЬрдоा рдХрд░ें 

рдФрд░ рдЗрдиाрдо рдХे рд╣реШрджाрд░ рдмрдиें 

...................

рд╢ीрд░्рд╖рдХ : "рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै”

      1.  рд╣िрди्рджू рдоुрд╕्рд▓िрдо рд╕िрдХ्рдЦ рдЗрд╕ाрдИ   

  • ..........................
  •                                    
  •            рднाрд░рдд рдоें рд╕рдм рднाрдИ-рднाрдИ
  • ......................
  • ........................
                   рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 

  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.



  • 2.    рдЕрд▓рдЧ рдк्рд░ाрди्рдд рд╣ैं рдЕрд▓рдЧ рд╣ैं рдмोрд▓ी
...................................
  • рдкрд░ рд╣िрди्рджी, рд╕рдмрдХी рдмрдб़ рдмोрд▓ी
  • ................
  • ....................
            рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 

  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.


  • 3.   рд░ाрдЬрдиीрддि рдФрд░ рдзрд░्рдо рдХो рднूрд▓ो
  • ...........................

  • рдмрд╕ ! рдмрд╕, рд╣िрди्рджी рдХा рджाрдорди рдЫू рд▓ो  
  • .................
  • ........................

  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 


  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.


  •          рдЕंрдЧ्рд░ेрдЬी рд╕े рдмैрд░ рдирд╣ीं рд╣ै
  • ................................

  • рдКрд░्рджू рдлाрд░рд╕ी рднी рдЧैрд░ рдирд╣ीं рд╣ै
  • .................
  • .......................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.

  •  
  • 5......................................
  • ................................
  • ...........................
  • ..................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.
6..........................
.......................
.....................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.
7........................
...........................
........................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.
8........................
.............................
...............................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.

9...........................
...........................
.............................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.
10............................
................................
,................................
  • рдРрд╕ी рдоेрд░ी рдЕрднिрд▓ाрд╖ा рд╣ै 
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै
  • рдпрд╣ाँ рд╣िрди्рджी рдЬрди рдХी рднाрд╖ा рд╣ै.
....................................


рд╡िрдз्рдпाрд░्рдеी рдХा рдиाрдо :
рдХрдХ्рд╖ा :
рд╕рдд्рд░: 


рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕ рдк्рд░рдХाрд░ рд╡िрдж्рдпाрд▓рдп рдкрдд्рд░िрдХा рд╣ेрддु рднी 
рдЖрдк рд╕्рд╡ рд░рдЪिрдд рдХрд╡िрддा  рддैрдпाрд░  рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддे рд╣ैं .....

рдЙрдд्рддрдо рд▓ेрдЦрди рдХो рдкрдд्рд░िрдХा рдоें рдЫрдкрдиे рдкрд░
 рдк्рд░ोрд╣рдд्рд╕ाрд╣рди  рднी рдоिрд▓ рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै



Sustainability Through Solid Waste Management: A Future Aspect



Introduction
  • Solid waste management is no longer just a matter of disposal—it is a cornerstone of sustainability. As urbanization, industrial growth, and consumerism expand, the way societies handle waste will determine the health of our environment, economy, and communities.

  • Current Challenges

  • Rapidly increasing waste volumes due to population growth and lifestyle changes
  • Limited landfill space and rising pollution levels
  • Inefficient segregation and recycling practices
  • High energy consumption in traditional waste treatment methods
  • Future Pathways to Sustainability
  • Smart Segregation at Source
  • Encouraging households, schools, and industries to separate biodegradable, recyclable, and hazardous waste.
  • Use of AI‑enabled bins and sensors for efficient sorting.
  • Circular Economy Integration
  • Turning waste into resources by recycling plastics, metals, and paper.
  • Promoting “design for reuse” in manufacturing to minimize waste generation.
  • Energy Recovery Technologies
  • Waste‑to‑Energy plants converting non‑recyclable waste into electricity and heat.
  • Bio‑methanation of organic waste to produce clean biogas for cooking and transport.
  • Composting & Soil Health
  • Large‑scale composting of organic waste to enrich agricultural soils.
  • Reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers and improving food security.
  • Green Infrastructure & Construction
  • Using inert waste in making eco‑bricks, tiles, and road base materials.
  • Building sustainable cities with recycled construction inputs.
  • Policy & Community Engagement
  • Stronger regulations for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
  • Awareness campaigns in schools and communities to foster eco‑friendly habits.


  • Vision for the Future
  • By 2050, sustainable solid waste management can transform cities into zero‑waste ecosystems. Waste will no longer be seen as a burden but as a valuable resource—fuel for energy, raw material for industries, and nourishment for soils. This future demands innovation, collaboration, and a mindset shift from “throwaway culture” to “resource recovery culture.”

  • Conclusion
  • Sustainability through solid waste management is not just about reducing garbage—it is about reshaping our future. With smart technologies, circular practices, and active citizen participation, we can build cleaner cities, healthier communities, and a greener planet for generations to come.


  • Q&A
  • What is the chemical and physical composition as a percentage of solid waste when processed and reduced in a plan 
  • 2. What can it be best utilized for....


  • Processed municipal solid waste (MSW) typically contains 40–60% organic matter, 20–30% recyclables (paper, plastics, metals, glass), and 10–20% inert materials (construction debris, ash, silt). After treatment, it can be best utilized for composting, recycling, energy recovery (waste-to-energy plants), and construction materials. Below, 

  • 1. Chemical & Physical Composition of Solid Waste (after processing)
  • Physical Composition (by percentage)
      • Organic/biodegradable waste: 40–60% (food scraps, garden waste, textiles)
      • Paper & cardboard: 6–10%
      • Plastics: 8–12%
      • Metals: 2–4%
      • Glass: 2–3%
      • Inert materials (construction debris, ash, silt): 10–20% Sources:

  • Chemical Composition (average values)
      • Moisture content: 20–40%
      • Carbon (C): 25–30%
      • Hydrogen (H): 3–5%
      • Oxygen (O): 30–35%
      • Nitrogen (N): 0.5–1%
      • Sulphur (S): <0.5%
      • Ash content: 20–30% Sources:
  • 2. Best Utilization of Processed Solid Waste Composting & Bio-methanation: Organic fraction → compost or biogas for agriculture and energy.
    • Recycling: Paper, plastics, metals, and glass → new products, reducing raw material demand.
    • Waste-to-Energy (WtE): Combustible fraction → electricity and heat via incineration or RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel).
    • Construction Materials: Inert fraction → bricks, tiles, road base, and landfill cover.
    • Sanitary Landfills: Only for residuals that cannot be reused or recycled.



Processed Solid Waste Composition

---------------------------------

  • Organic/Biodegradable   ██████████████████ 50%
  • Paper & Cardboard       ████               8%
  • Plastics                █████              10%
  • Metals                  ██                 3%
  • Glass                   ██                 2%
  • Inert Materials         ████████           15%



Solid Waste Processing → Segregation

  •    ├── Organic → Compost / Biogas
  •    ├── Recyclables → Paper, Plastic, Metal, Glass Recycling
  •    ├── Combustibles → Waste-to-Energy (RDF, Incineration)
  •    └── Inert → Construction Materials / Landfill



Summary: 

  • When solid waste is processed, half of it is organic, which is best used for composting or biogas. The rest is recyclable or inert, suitable for recycling industries, energy recovery, or construction materials. This integrated approach reduces landfill burden and supports sustainability.