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CLASS- 8- NCERT CHAPTER 3-TO-6 SCIENCE AND MATHS

 

Concept	Visual Aid	Key Idea
Fossil Fuels	Coal & oil barrel	Non-renewable energy sources
Fire Safety	Fire extinguisher	Prevent accidental fires
Energy Conservation	Solar panel & bulb	Save energy for future
Science Lab	Microscope & test tubes	Safe experiments and observations

Concept	Visual Aid	Formula / Note
Angles	Protractor with 60°	Measure with protractor
Area & Perimeter	Rectangle labeled $l,b$	Area = $l\times b$, Perimeter = $2(l+b)$
Geometric Tools	Compass, ruler, set square	Used for accurate construction
Accurate Figures	Triangle diagram	Precision is key

Concept	Visual Aid	Key Idea
Data Handling	Bar & pie charts	Represent data visually
Probability	Spinner diagram	Measure of chance
Squares	Grid of squares	Area = side × side
Square Roots	Long division steps	Reverse of squaring

NCSC 2026

 

SCIENCE CLASS IX NCERT

 

Class 9 Science – Chapter 2 Summary Poster

Core Concepts

• Matter exists as elements, compounds, and mixtures.

• Pure substances have fixed composition; mixtures vary.

• Physical changes don’t form new substances; chemical changes do.

Types of Mixtures

Type	Example	Separation Method
Homogeneous	Salt solution	Evaporation
Heterogeneous	Sand + water	Filtration / Decantation

Separation Techniques

• Filtration – separates insoluble solids.

• Evaporation – removes solvent.

• Distillation – separates liquids by boiling point.

• Chromatography – separates colors/pigments.

• Centrifugation – separates based on density.

Formula Box

$$\text{Concentration}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solution}}\times 100$$

Exam Tips

• Revise definitions and examples of mixtures & compounds.

• Practice diagrams of separation methods.

• Focus on differences between physical and chemical changes.

LIBRARY -TOTAL READING RESOURCES ISSUED AS ON 31 JULY 2026

 

SECONDARY SECTION READERSHIP DATA 25-07-2026

• BOOKS-2442
• 
  
• MAGAZINES-1862
• 
  
• FLASH CARDS-177
• 
  
• TOTAL=4481
• 
  
• STUDENTS=847

AVERAGE READING PER STUDENT = 5.29

GROSS TOTAL=4481+3582=8063

GROSS READERS=50+847+605=1502

AVARAGE=5.3 BOOKS / READER

Nationalism in India- CLASS X SOCIAL SC.

 

• Colonial Context

  • Oppression, racial discrimination, and economic exploitation united diverse communities.

  • Nationalism grew as a response to colonial rule, with Congress channeling grievances into mass movements.

• Role of Gandhi

  • Returned in 1915, introduced satyagraha (truth-force, non-violence).

  • Early successes: Champaran (1917), Kheda (1917), Ahmedabad (1918).

  • Advocated Hindu-Muslim unity and mass participation.

• Mass Movements

  • Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919) against unjust detention laws.

  • Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–22) combining Khilafat and Congress demands.

  • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34) sparked by Salt March.

  • Quit India Movement (1942) demanding immediate British withdrawal.

• Diverse Participation

  • Peasants, tribals, plantation workers, industrialists, and women joined with different visions of swaraj.

  • Leaders like Nehru, Patel, Subhas Bose, and Ali brothers contributed.

• Cultural Nationalism

• Symbols like Bharat Mata, patriotic songs, folklore, and festivals fostered collective belonging.

• Key Points

  • Nationalism in India was multi-layered, involving peasants, workers, tribals, and elites.

  • Gandhi’s non-violent satyagraha transformed local struggles into mass movements.

  • The timeline shows a progression from reformist satyagrahas to radical demands for complete independence.

  Year	Event	Significance
  1915	Gandhi returns from South Africa	Introduces satyagraha in India.
  1917	Champaran Satyagraha	Peasants protest against indigo planters.
  1917–18	Kheda & Ahmedabad Satyagrahas	Revenue relief and workers’ rights.
  1919	Rowlatt Act & Jallianwala Bagh	Nationwide outrage; massacre intensified nationalism.
  1919	Khilafat Committee	Muslim leaders join Gandhi for united struggle.
  1920–22	Non-Cooperation Movement	Boycott of British goods, schools, courts; withdrawn after Chauri Chaura.
  1928	Simon Commission protests	“Go Back Simon” slogan; Bardoli Satyagraha by Patel.
  1929	Lahore Congress	Demand for Purna Swaraj; 26 Jan 1930 declared Independence Day.
  1930	Salt March	Gandhi’s 240-mile march; Civil Disobedience begins.
  1931	Gandhi-Irwin Pact	Gandhi attends Second Round Table Conference.
  1932	Poona Pact	Agreement on separate electorates for Dalits.
  1942	Quit India Movement	“Do or Die” call; mass arrests; decisive push for independence.

  

  
  

“Rise of Nationalism in Europe” (Class X NCERT)

 

 Chapter Summary

• French Revolution 1789

  • Sovereignty shifted from monarchy to citizens.

  • Introduced concepts of la patrie (fatherland) and le citoyen (citizen).

  • National symbols: tricolour flag, national assembly, uniform laws, French language.

• Napoleon & Civil Code 1804

  • Abolished feudal privileges, equality before law, right to property.

  • Spread reforms across Europe but restricted political freedoms.

• Congress of Vienna 1815

  • Restored conservative monarchies.

  • Suppressed revolutionary changes, but liberal-nationalist ideas persisted.

• Liberalism & Nationalism

  • Liberalism emphasized individual freedom, constitutional government, equality before law.

  • Nationalism promoted unity based on shared identity, culture, and history.

• Age of Revolutions 1830–1848

  • 1830: Revolts in France, Belgium, Poland, Italy.

  • 1848: Revolution of liberals demanding constitutions, rights, and national unification.

• Unification of Italy

  • Leaders: Giuseppe Mazzini (Young Italy), Count Cavour (diplomacy), Giuseppe Garibaldi (Red Shirts).

  • Unified under King Victor Emmanuel II by 1870.

• Unification of Germany

  • Otto von Bismarck used Realpolitik and wars (Austro-Prussian 1866, Franco-Prussian 1870–71).

  • German Empire proclaimed in 1871 under Prussian leadership.

• Britain’s Nation-State Formation

  • Gradual process through Acts of Union (England, Scotland, Ireland).

  • Forged identity through institutions and symbols.

• Symbols of Nationalism

  • Allegories like Marianne (France) and Germania (Germany).

  • Flags, hymns, and personifications visualized unity.

• Nationalism & Imperialism

  • By late 19th century, nationalism became aggressive.

  • Balkan tensions and imperial rivalries set stage for World War I.

    Key Points

  • Nationalism in Europe was both liberating and divisive — it unified nations but also fueled imperial rivalries.

  • Symbols and culture (art, literature, folklore) played a crucial role in shaping national identity.

  • The chapter links political revolutions, wars, and diplomacy to the creation of modern nation-states.

  • A tabular timeline (1789–1914) for quick reference

Year	Event	Impact on Nationalism
1789	French Revolution	Introduced sovereignty of citizens, equality, and national symbols (la patrie, tricolour flag).
1804	Napoleon’s Civil Code	Spread reforms (equality before law, property rights) but restricted political freedoms.
1815	Congress of Vienna	Restored monarchies, suppressed liberal-nationalist movements.
1830	Revolutions of 1830	France, Belgium, Poland, Italy saw uprisings for constitutional rights and independence.
1848	Revolution of 1848	Liberals demanded constitutions, suffrage, and national unification.
1859–1870	Unification of Italy	Led by Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour; Italy unified under Victor Emmanuel II.
1866–1871	Unification of Germany	Bismarck’s wars (Austro-Prussian, Franco-Prussian) led to German Empire under Prussia.
1707–1801	Formation of Britain	Acts of Union forged a single nation-state identity through institutions and symbols.
1871 onwards	Nationalism & Imperialism	Nationalism became aggressive, fueling imperial rivalries.
1914	Balkan Crisis	Ethnic tensions and nationalist conflicts triggered World War I.

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To support this process, Loecsen relies on the latest technologies, including AI-enhanced speech recognition and personalized guidance generated by AI. This integration is handled thoughtfully: these tools are activated only when they have a real impact on learner progress and help reduce screen time.

This realistic, usage-based approach explains why many learners consider Loecsen one of the most accessible and effective methods for achieving a first level of real, practical autonomy.

Implementation plan is designed for Grade 6 to Grade 8 students in the KVS Region

 

This Implementation plan is designed for Grade 6 to Grade 8 students in the KVS Region, with 35-minute weekly ICT lab periods. • Week 1 covers Module 1.1: What is Creativity? - Creativity and Its Importance. • Week 3 covers Module 1.2: Fostering Creativity in the Classroom - through a blended-learning, activity-based approach. • Week 4 covers Module 1.3: AI + Digital Creativity - focuses on strengthening Generative AI, creativity, communication, and digital expression through a simple hands-on Adobe Express activity.
Month and week	July - Week 1	July - Week 3	July- Week 4
Module Name (Guidebook)	Module 1: Creativity for All	Module 1: Creativity for All	Module 1: Creativity for All
	1.1 What is Creativity?	1.2 Fostering Creativity in the Classroom	1.3 Digital Creativity and Creative Tools
Activity Name	Creative on Recycling	Yoga or Culural Club Poster	Imaginary Storybook Cover
Learning Outcomes	• Understand the de nition of creativity. • Learn why creativity is important. • Explore examples of creative geniuses who have changed the shape of the world. • Recognize creativity skills as a crucial aspect of the future of work and life.	• Get introduced to the 4 Cs: Creativity, Critical inking, Communication, and Collaboration. • Understand the interconnections between the 4 Cs. • Learn how to integrate the 4 Cs into daily life.	• Get introduced to Technology and Digital Creativity skills. • Learn about Adobe Express and its basic functions. • Explore how Adobe Express can be used to enhance your own creative projects.
Instructions	The teacher explains how posters and quotes can raise awareness and communicate ideas creatively. Teacher demonstrates: • Opening template • Editing quote • Changing colors/fonts • Saving project For E-Module activity: Teacher to guide students to log in to Adobe Express school Account; guide them towards Module 1 (Section 1.1) of the online course on ‘Digital Creativity and AI Skills (Level-1).’	The teacher explains how colors, text, and images help communicate messages effectively. Teacher demonstrates: • Opening template • writing or adding new text • Changing font/colors • Adding one icon/image • Saving project For E-Module activity: Teacher to guide students to log in to Adobe Express school Account; guide them towards Module 1 (Section 1.2) of the online course on ‘Digital Creativity and AI Skills (Level-1).’	The teacher explains how to generate a book cover image or background and edit a Storybook cover template. Teacher demonstrates: • Using Generative AI • Adding title • Adding subtitle/tagline • Adding/editing image/background • Customizing fonts/colors • Saving project For E-Module activity: Teacher to guide students to log in to Adobe Express school Account; guide them towards Module 1 (Section 1.3) of the online course on ‘Digital Creativity and AI Skills (Level-1).’
Skills in Focus	Creative Exploration & Digital Literacy	Visual Communication & Design Skills	Creative Self-Expression & AI Creative Skills
Book Screenshot	M1, Page-27,28	M1,Page 34.35,36	M1,Page 41-42.pdf
Activity Link (Classroom)	Swachhata drive at school- https://adobe.ly/3PCLotc	Yoga Club : https://adobe.ly/3R0K18c	Create a book Cover - https://adobe.ly/42ulMBQ
Activity Link (Homework)	School Clean up drive - https://adobe.ly/3PCLotc	Cultural Club : https://adobe.ly/4u1xcJj
Activity Link (Homework)		Create a Movie Poster : https://adobe.ly/4wqooyg
Status (To be updated by Teacher)

Education Concession for Indian Army Personnel & Their Families

The Indian Army has signed a MoU with Chandigarh Vidya Jyoti Eduversity to enhance higher education opportunities for Serving Personnel, Veterans, Veer Naris and their wards.

Key Benefits:

✅ 60% Tuition Fee Concession (up to 50 seats) for:

* Wards of Veer Naris

* Wards of personnel who died in harness

* Wards of personnel with disability of 20% or above

✅ 30% Tuition Fee Concession (up to 150 seats) for wards of Serving personnel

✅ 30% Tuition Fee Concession (up to 100 seats) for wards of Retired personnel

✅ 20% of seats reserved for wards of Indian Army personnel across all academic programmes offered by Chandigarh Vidya Jyoti Eduversity.

📌 For details, visit: www.vjes.org

CAUTION: ITS A PRIVATE INSTITUTION . USE YOUR DISCREATION BEFORE MAKING ANY PAYMENTS. BLOG IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH INSTITUTION IN ANY WAY.

WONDER KIDS - INSPIRE- STUDENTS -WATCH THESE IF YOU THINK YOU CAN NOT DO IT .

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BRO- SISTER CALCULATORS 

SPELL BEE- AKASH

5 YEAR THINKS IN NUMBERS 

MUSIC IN 3 MONTHS 

6 YRS KID-HE KNOWS IT ALL 

4 YEARS - BONE EXPERT 

LITTLE BASKETBALL PLAYER

HE KNOWS IT ALL 

ANIMALS FALL SPLEEP

Musician Kids

Funny Girl

JO JO JO 

(1) Facebook

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(1) Maker's Asylum Reels | Facebook

Business Community mindset

TERRI GREEN OLYMOPIAD

 

OPEN EDUCATION RESOURCES

 PMSHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA OCF

OPEN EDUCATION RESOURCES

E_PUSTAKALAY                  https://epustakalay.com/genres/baal-children

 

  Search Your Books

   https://eg4.nic.in/KVS/OPAC/Default.aspx

                   NCERT BOOKs

https://epathshala.nic.in//process.php?id=students&type=eTextbooks&ln=en

 

     FREE E_BOOKS

     https://www.pdfdrive.com/

DIGITAL LIBRARY

https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.in/ndl_se

OLABS PRACTICAL

https://www.olabs.edu.in/

DIKSHA PORTAL

https://diksha.gov.in/explore?board=CBSE%2FNCERT&selectedTab=home&gradeLevel=Class%201&gradeLevel=Class%202&id=ncert_k-12

 

ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA

https://www.britannica.com/

 

QUIZIZZ

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